tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-301463652024-02-28T00:52:57.012-08:00Electronic Device And Electronic CircuitData of electronic device , PCB Design and electronic circuitkophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comBlogger138125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-499233329145856012011-12-05T17:10:00.001-08:002011-12-26T05:32:23.829-08:00Home made UV PCB exposure boxExamples and guidelines on how to do UV PCB exposure box by your self<br />
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<b>UV LED PCB Exposure System</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9GL_1aFMjnUiDRJDA5NEW03SqRoxLG206lKvK9wULms4bb6imaOdd4j1HIPvn4Q2C3jX1EJDBuYZhnZBXI4gW_TBftgsmyxpSUYsPoIxZ5Cf7h3bhcNzny9ijYmNDfvd22i39/s1600/PCB+exposure+box+01.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9GL_1aFMjnUiDRJDA5NEW03SqRoxLG206lKvK9wULms4bb6imaOdd4j1HIPvn4Q2C3jX1EJDBuYZhnZBXI4gW_TBftgsmyxpSUYsPoIxZ5Cf7h3bhcNzny9ijYmNDfvd22i39/s1600/PCB+exposure+box+01.JPG" /></a></div>
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Home made UV LED PCB exposure box
PCB exposure box made with large array of UV LEDs
This project shows the creation of a large array of UV LEDs. They are used to expose a presensititised blank circuit board. Another common method is to use UV tubes. Alfredo has translated it to English as well as he could<br />
<a href="http://hackedgadgets.com/2006/10/31/uv-led-pcb-exposure-system/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">more</a><br />
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<b>Ultraviolet light source UV-80 for PCB exposure</b><br />
Home made UV light PCB exposure box
PCB exposure box made with Ultraviolet light for Double side PCB exposure<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4dcN2S1s5eu7T0R1aYOCz7-IDxlwMepFiSAlfMc7arEd6dNEMp42SbPDHu7Kso0eYnIAB3eoEpbp-12ZIv93kCaLRwuZFmt9_IjTWWtdvmsVo3zQR0apJA8PacTUgNXmxwx3f/s1600/UV+PCB+exposure+box+02.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4dcN2S1s5eu7T0R1aYOCz7-IDxlwMepFiSAlfMc7arEd6dNEMp42SbPDHu7Kso0eYnIAB3eoEpbp-12ZIv93kCaLRwuZFmt9_IjTWWtdvmsVo3zQR0apJA8PacTUgNXmxwx3f/s1600/UV+PCB+exposure+box+02.JPG" /></a></div>
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One of more advanced PCB manufacturing methods is exposing laminate copper boards covered by photo resistive layer through mask. Using UV light in manufacturing PCB has many benefits according to other methods: you can get thin tracks like 0.2mm. You could do this by using other home techniques like laser printers or hand artwork<br />
<a href="http://www.scienceprog.com/ultraviolet-light-source-uv-80-for-pcb-exposure/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">more </a><br />
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<b>Single LED UV PCB exposure box </b><br />
Home made UV LED PCB exposure box
PCB exposure box made with Single LED UV LZ1-10UA05<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUk9Y5j-iLJk3F3ZFuCtpfkhh6AYlBeuZSmu9ZnLu7_QA0LLloon7jmXrWs9lybRtQsPCJcHyQsEnrOX6Zp1DroIN5Lq2LN31xwaaTfo4MAQNyBk63vf5DZlbJhK-tIf4CeWp9/s1600/UV+LED+PCB+exposure+box+03.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUk9Y5j-iLJk3F3ZFuCtpfkhh6AYlBeuZSmu9ZnLu7_QA0LLloon7jmXrWs9lybRtQsPCJcHyQsEnrOX6Zp1DroIN5Lq2LN31xwaaTfo4MAQNyBk63vf5DZlbJhK-tIf4CeWp9/s1600/UV+LED+PCB+exposure+box+03.JPG" /></a></div>
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Having seen several attempts to make a PCB exposure box with LEDs instead of tubes, i decided to make my own.
I wanted a smal one because i make prototypes one of a kind pcbs, and they are always small.
Other projects i saw are using a large number of low power uv leds wich are in the miliwatt range. 80 Leds seems to be the minimum number to achieve 1W of UV radiated power, wich is what is needed to expose the PCB in a decent time.<br />
<a href="http://yveslebrac.blogspot.com/2010/11/single-led-uv-pcb-exposure-box.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">more</a><br />
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<b>Building a UV exposure box</b><br />
Home made UV LED PCB exposure box
PCB exposure box made with array of UV LEDs for Double side PCB exposure<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1G43y5eeRttAkxHPeTbPv3kIA1uTUnnO5aikSLwpsQnxzuQkMcWYb39YONpDqzRSOxcgWOUaU5n9MAJuhSHiHtGV7-acXYNaaXlm6AKnI2IeatmaneBUpFBbl1muvGQMPjX2q/s1600/PCB+exposure+box+04.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1G43y5eeRttAkxHPeTbPv3kIA1uTUnnO5aikSLwpsQnxzuQkMcWYb39YONpDqzRSOxcgWOUaU5n9MAJuhSHiHtGV7-acXYNaaXlm6AKnI2IeatmaneBUpFBbl1muvGQMPjX2q/s1600/PCB+exposure+box+04.JPG" /></a></div>
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There are two methods of using etchant resist when making circuit boards. We use the toner transfer method that requires ironing on laser toner to the copper, but you can also use chemical resist that reacts to ultraviolet light. [Bogdan] decided to start doing more of the latter so he built a UV exposure box to make the process easier.<br />
<a href="http://hackaday.com/2010/10/20/building-a-uv-exposure-box/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">more</a><br />
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<b>PCB Photographic Artwork Transfer UV Cabinet </b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnocSzlb4IL5ZL7Jlb2qgzH4702q0Q9vHuP3PHpNCqd8RpIsW_jFaoTKA5QK3zz7KhPnT-VyduJFQA1XBe8xKNPghnKMl9L2kVjzIy65N3c2hPDL7LCKQPPc_a2jwbGCJBZZ50/s1600/UV+LED+PCB+exposure+box+05.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnocSzlb4IL5ZL7Jlb2qgzH4702q0Q9vHuP3PHpNCqd8RpIsW_jFaoTKA5QK3zz7KhPnT-VyduJFQA1XBe8xKNPghnKMl9L2kVjzIy65N3c2hPDL7LCKQPPc_a2jwbGCJBZZ50/s1600/UV+LED+PCB+exposure+box+05.JPG" /></a></div>
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Until now, to transfer the artwork to a photosensitive board, i used a pair of UV lamps. Although they worked pretty well, i thought of upgrading my lab. Thus, i designed and made a prototype photographic artwork transfer box using UV LEDs:<br />
<a href="http://pcbheaven.com/projectpages/PCB_Photographic_Artwork_Transfer_UV_Cabinet/%20UV" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">more</a><br />
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<b>LED and Black light UV Light</b></div>
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<iframe frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?t=electritransf-20&o=1&p=8&l=as1&asins=B003KWYV0A&ref=tf_til&fc1=000000&IS2=1&lt1=_blank&m=amazon&lc1=0000FF&bc1=000000&bg1=FFFFFF&f=ifr" style="height: 240px; width: 120px;"></iframe>
<iframe frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?t=electritransf-20&o=1&p=8&l=as1&asins=B000IAECQU&ref=tf_til&fc1=000000&IS2=1&lt1=_blank&m=amazon&lc1=0000FF&bc1=000000&bg1=FFFFFF&f=ifr" style="height: 240px; width: 120px;"></iframe>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-57757149310776309042011-06-15T18:23:00.000-07:002011-06-15T18:23:13.712-07:00Solar Power Center and Solar Charger Circuit<div style="color: blue;"><b>Solar Power Center and Solar Charger Circuit</b></div><br />
TLC2272 - 10 Amp out Solar Power Center<br />
The SPC3 is a solar power center, it can handle all of the power functions for a solar charged 12 Volt DC system. The SPC3 contains a 9 amp photovoltaic charge controller, a 10 amp low voltage load disconnect circuit and a built-in white LED array for area illumination. The low voltage disconnect circuit has a load on-off switch, and a battery low voltage indicator. By using the SPC3 as the center of a solar powered device, long battery life is assured. The SPC3 can be used as a self-contained solar lighting system, it is also useful for making solar powered audio and radio devices and much more.<br />
Specifications<br />
Charge Controller Theory<br />
Low Voltage Disconnect Theory<br />
Charge Controller Alignment<br />
Low Voltage Disconnect Alignment<br />
SPC3 Circuit Extensions<br />
<a href="http://www.solorb.com/elect/solarcirc/spc3/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">more</a><br />
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<div style="color: blue;"><b>AA Battery Solar Charger</b></div><br />
Each of the solar cells develops about 0.5 volts across itself when in full sunlight. The string of 8 solar cells puts out around 4V with no load. When the solar cells are connected to a battery, a current will flow and the battery will charge. <br />
Two versions of the circuit are shown in the schematic, the 8 solar cell panel with a diode is the recommended circuit. The diode prevents the battery from discharging through the cells at night and the 8th cell boosts the voltage up enough to compensate for the voltage drop across the diode. For an 8 solar cell panel, connect jumper J2 and disconnect J1. For a 7 solar cell panel, connect jumper J1 and eliminate SC8 and D1. Typically, the jumpers are not necessary, they are shown in the schematic to illustrate two ways to to build the circuit. <br />
For operation in cloudy weather, it may be useful to add one or two additional solar cells. It is a good idea to temporarily insert an amp (microamp) meter in series with the battery to measure the charging current in various light conditions. <br />
Since solar cells are current-limited devices, it is possible to use the circuit as-is to charge a single battery cell. If one cell is all you ever need to charge, five solar cells and a series diode will be sufficient for the task. <br />
<a href="http://www.solorb.com/elect/solarcirc/aacharge/index.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">more</a><br />
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<div style="color: blue;"><b>Solar charger for lead-acid batteries.</b></div><br />
This circuit is intended for charging sealed lead-acid batteries with a solar panel in small and portable applications. The customary diode that prevents the battery from discharging through the solar panel has been replaced by a FET-comparator combination. The charger will stop charging once a pre-set voltage (temperature compensated) has been reached, and recommence charging when the voltage has dropped off sufficiently. The load is disconnected when the battery voltage drops below 11V and reconnected when it gets back to 12.5V.<br />
<a href="http://www.den-uijl.nl/solar.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">more</a><br />
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<div style="color: blue;"><b>SOLAR CHARGER</b></div>he circuit is a single transistor oscillator called a feedback oscillator, or more accurately a BLOCKING OSCILLATOR. It has 45 turns on the primary and 15 turns on the feedback winding. There is no secondary as the primary produces a high voltage during part of the cycle and this voltage is delivered to the output via a high-speed diode to produce the output. The output voltage consists of high voltage spikes and should not be measured without a load connected to the output. In our case, the load is the battery being charged. The spikes feed into the battery and our prototype delivered 30mA as a starting current and as the battery voltage increased, the charging current dropped to 22mA. <br />
<a href="http://www.talkingelectronics.com/projects/SolarCharger/SolarCharger.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">more</a>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-26437105080573695542010-02-04T16:34:00.000-08:002010-02-04T16:34:51.068-08:00Basic Levitation and Magnetic Levitation Circuit Project<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Understanding Basic Levitation</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In basic levitation (Fig 1) an object appears to float due to the invisible forces of magnets. A magnet creates a field that forms two opposing poles: North and South (Fig 2). Opposite poles attract each other while similar poles repel. For magnetic levitation, there is a fixed magnet and a smaller free moving permanent magnet, which is the object that will levitate. This object has two forces exerted on it: downward force from gravity and upward force from the fixed magnet.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://icb.olin.edu/spring_04/ttgb/student/Ukiyo/understanding.htm</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://astore.amazon.com/magneticlevitationtoy-20" target="_blank">Magnetic Levitation</a> Schematic Circuit</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.coilgun.info/levitation/schematic.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">more</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Levitation Photodetector Circuit</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This optodetector measures the position of the ball by the amount of light transmitted by the infrared LED. This is a linear signal across the small area of the detector -- it is not just "on" and "off".</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Levitation Difference Amplifier Circuit</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This circuit creates a control signal from the two optodetectors. It finds the difference between the two input voltages and amplifies it to get the ball's position. This stage is often called a comparator.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><strong>Levitation Output Amplifier Circuit</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This circuit amplifies the control signal in preparation for the power output transistor. Why do we need this stage at all? Because we reduced the whole signal by one-ninth in the speed-plus-position circuit.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.coilgun.info/levitation/schematic.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">more</a></span><br />
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Perpetual top Levitation Toy</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The point of the perpetual top <a href="http://astore.amazon.com/magneticlevitationtoy-20" target=_blank>levitation toy</a> is simply that it continues spinning forever, and the challenge is to understand the driving mechanism. The top is made of plastic, and contains embedded in it a small permanent magnet, oriented perpendicular to the spin axis of the top. The base contains a transistor and a coil with two windings, the assembly being driven by a 9-volt power supply. A schematic of the electrical circuit is shown in the figure.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As one pole of the magnet (say the south pole) approaches the coil, a current in induced in winding A, in such a direction as to make the base of the transistor (an NPN) go positive. That makes the emitter-collector current flow through winding B, in the opposite direction to A. The current through B is larger than that of A (due to the amplification of the transistor), so by Lenz's law the magnet pole will be attracted to the coil.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.its.caltech.edu/~atomic/display/displaycase.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">more</a></span><br />
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>Magnetic Levitation Circuit</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This is a simple magnetic levitator circuit which suspends objects a set distance below an electromagnet. The physics behind it is to simply provide a magnetic force which equal and opposite to the gravitational force on the object. The two forces cancel and the object remains suspended. Practically this is done by a circuit which reduces electromagnet force when an object gets to close, and increases it when the object is out of range.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><strong>MAGNETIC LEVITATION Project & CRITICAL TEMPERATURE KIT</strong></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ELECTRONICS CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The following figure is a schematic diagram for the Electronics Board.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Operation of the Electronics Board circuitry may be of interest to some students who use the Levitation/Critical Temperature kit. Individual circuit functions may be understood and analyzed from the following explanations. <a href="http://basicelectronic.blogspot.com/2009/08/operation-amplifier-circuit-and.html" target=_blank>Operational amplifiers</a> (op amps) are characterized by two nearly ideal properties, which lead to a wide variety of applications. These properties are 1) high impedance between the non-inverting and inverting inputs and 2) high open loop gain. Usually, both of these may be assumed to be infinite. Infinite impedance means no current flows between inputs, and infinite gain means that negative feedback will drive input voltage difference to zero. A variety of circuits can be analyzed using these two properties and Ohm's law.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.futurescience.com/manual/sc250.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">more</a></span>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-35127256633027238882009-12-30T20:23:00.000-08:002009-12-30T20:28:49.072-08:00Wireless Dimmer Circuit Project<span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><strong><span style="font-size:130%;color:#3333ff;">AVR wireless dimmer Project</span></strong><br />At first we have to modify the layout of the old Avr dimmer. I don't think the RS232 interface will be used much when we have the wireless option available, so all the parts for the RS232 will have to go, the other thing that we don't really need anymore is the crystal with the 2 capacitors, because the ATtiny2313 has a build in RC clock of 4 and 8 Mhz which is more than sufficient. One more thing that could go is the infrared receiver, but this doesn't take much room on the circuit board so I will leave it on for the moment. The last thing we need to change is the power supply. The iDwaRF module needs between 2.7 to 3.6 Volts. The ATTiny2313 will run on a voltage between 2.7 to 5.5 volts and the infrared receiver needs 2,7 to 5,5 Volts if we use the TSOP 31236. So if we decide on a power supply of 3.3 Volts all the components will be happy.<br /><br />Changing the voltage from 5 to 3.3 Volts sounds easier then it turned out to be. Negative regulators of -3.3 Volt are rare and if that is not all the Wireless module seems to have a peak current of more than 60 mA. Our old design could only supply an average of 20 mA. Also I want the dimmer to be power efficient, since I might end up with 10 or more dimmers, regulating everything in the house. So I am thinking of a switching regulator. This way we have a very efficient power supply that can temperarely supply higher currents. More will follow. This will need some testing.<br /><br />At first we have to modify the layout of the old Avr dimmer. I don't think the RS232 interface will be used much when we have the wireless option available, so all the parts for the RS232 will have to go, the other thing that we don't really need anymore is the crystal with the 2 capacitors, because the ATtiny2313 has a build in RC clock of 4 and 8 Mhz which is more than sufficient. One more thing that could go is the infrared receiver, but this doesn't take much room on the circuit board so I will leave it on for the moment. The last thing we need to change is the power supply. The iDwaRF module needs between 2.7 to 3.6 Volts. The ATTiny2313 will run on a voltage between 2.7 to 5.5 volts and the infrared receiver needs 2,7 to 5,5 Volts if we use the TSOP 31236. So if we decide on a power supply of 3.3 Volts all the components will be happy.<br /><br />Changing the voltage from 5 to 3.3 Volts sounds easier then it turned out to be. Negative regulators of -3.3 Volt are rare and if that is not all the Wireless module seems to have a peak current of more than 60 mA. Our old design could only supply an average of 20 mA. Also I want the dimmer to be power efficient, since I might end up with 10 or more dimmers, regulating everything in the house. So I am thinking of a switching regulator. This way we have a very efficient power supply that can temperarely supply higher currents. More will follow. This will need some testing.<br /><br /><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYpwHs351H5nkcL4XxuqtcGCtB6e_7YSjMasjoHm5jmcQ1FpRcuijP_OVpgSVuzlu79fFIhJKSVPu-WGD8nw6tNHzib5ZQcGkPY_cqH2W1E-L1YlqjQJXP3anPOhieW706bJHy/s1600-h/wireless+dimmer+circuit+Project+01.png"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5421251568485090306" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 200px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 120px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYpwHs351H5nkcL4XxuqtcGCtB6e_7YSjMasjoHm5jmcQ1FpRcuijP_OVpgSVuzlu79fFIhJKSVPu-WGD8nw6tNHzib5ZQcGkPY_cqH2W1E-L1YlqjQJXP3anPOhieW706bJHy/s200/wireless+dimmer+circuit+Project+01.png" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /><a href="http://domotica.homeip.net/dimmer3.html" rel=nofollow target=_blank><span style="color:#33cc00;">http://domotica.homeip.net/dimmer3.html</span></a><br /><br /><strong><span style="color:#3366ff;">IR Light Dimmer v.1</span></strong><br />This is a device for adjusting lights in your home with any type of remote controller (tv, dvd, video,…). Today we are using many devices in our homes to improve quality of our life and this is another example on how you can enhance a simple procedure like switching the lights ON/OFF. It may be difficult to many of us to stand up from our chair only to switch lights, so try imagining yourself doing this with your remote controller.<br /><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwlRH9Sk_Ib-o5sGDp4dIMfU5pe0HpElD_rjiku7oyRqerMROz4ckiZWeBjEv7lGow3C5xSiuq5t0RC2zv_F92YW1Ig-8xhO2rVp44z1t2uDJOySdVK_MxEputzLybLbGDJ0pL/s1600-h/wireless+dimmer+circuit+Project+02.gif"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5421251397816140722" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 198px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwlRH9Sk_Ib-o5sGDp4dIMfU5pe0HpElD_rjiku7oyRqerMROz4ckiZWeBjEv7lGow3C5xSiuq5t0RC2zv_F92YW1Ig-8xhO2rVp44z1t2uDJOySdVK_MxEputzLybLbGDJ0pL/s320/wireless+dimmer+circuit+Project+02.gif" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /><a href="http://www.electronics-lab.com/projects/motor_light/044/index.html" rel=nofollow target=_blank>http://www.electronics-lab.com/projects/motor_light/044/index.html</a><br /><br /><strong><span style="color:#3366ff;">Projects/IR light dimmer v1<br /></span></strong>This is a very simple IR light dimmer that you will wish to have sooner or later, especially those who are lazy enough to get up and turn off the lights. There are two versions of PCB for two sizes of capacitors, so PCBs are: 32.5 x 26.5mm and 28.5 x 27mm.<br /><br />Features of current beta version of firmware:<br />- Soft start (gradually turning on the light bulb)<br />- Soft down (gradually turning off the light bulb)<br />- Learning IR codes from RC5 and NEC remotes<br />- Dimming in 10 levels by using only IR remote<br />- Previous dimm-level remembering when operating with remote<br />- Sleep timer in duration of 1.6min for 60Hz version and 2min for 50Hz version<br />- ON/OFF control with wall pushbutton<br /><br /><a href="http://www.elektronika.ba/617/ir-light-dimmer-v1" rel=nofollow target=_blank>http://www.elektronika.ba/617/ir-light-dimmer-v1</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />LM3445 TRIAC Dimmer Demo Video<br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/6uvj5ybeF7o&hl=en_US&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/6uvj5ybeF7o&hl=en_US&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /></span>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-25404791508752985102009-11-15T05:56:00.000-08:002009-11-15T05:59:15.868-08:00High-Speed Leakage Circuit Breaker Circuit<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGYrcgfbkyZPc5oyEKjWT7jiNLBLsxRhW_af1avUR32IdN2S_9MbrN-9IytBw0HjaZQiD5-MFsn2DDqY7GMQnmrWhVZMwZBaD9ZTTesN9VBKBDSDHKbKChVyyTjio71HKhVMp5/s1600-h/HIGH-SPEED+LEAKAGE+CIRCUIT+BREAKER+Circuit.JPG"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5404329247399218978" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 145px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGYrcgfbkyZPc5oyEKjWT7jiNLBLsxRhW_af1avUR32IdN2S_9MbrN-9IytBw0HjaZQiD5-MFsn2DDqY7GMQnmrWhVZMwZBaD9ZTTesN9VBKBDSDHKbKChVyyTjio71HKhVMp5/s320/HIGH-SPEED+LEAKAGE+CIRCUIT+BREAKER+Circuit.JPG" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">The value of R1, R2, C4, and C5 should be chosen in order to keep at least 12V in Vs.<br />Please connect C4 (>1μF) and C2 (<1μF).<br />ZCT and load resistance RL of ZCT are connected between input pin 1 and 2.<br />Protective resistance (RP=100Ω) must be insurted.<br />RL and amplifier’s output (in Pin 4) regulates sensitivity current<br />External capacitor C1 between pin 4 and GND is used for noise removal.<br />Please connect a varistor or a diode (2 pcs.) to ZCT in parallel, because of when large current is grounded in the<br />primary side (AC line) of ZCT, the following situation can be abandoned: The wave form in the secondary side of<br />ZCT is distorted and some signals do not appear in the output of amplifier.<br />Please connect capacitor (about 0.047μF) between pin 6 and pin 7.<br />Capacitor C6 between pin 1 and GND is about 0.047μF for removing noise.<br /><br /><strong>M54123L<br />EARTH LEAKAGE CURRENT DETECTOR</strong><br /><strong>DESCRIPTION</strong><br />The UTC M54123L is a semiconductor integrated circuit with<br />amplifier for a high-speed earth leakage circuit breaker.<br />For the amplifying parts of earth leakage circuit breaker, the<br />UTC M54123L consists of differential amplifier, latch circuit and<br />voltage regulator. </span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><br />In normal operating, the UTC M54123L should be connected<br />to the secondary side of the ZCT (zero current transformers). Here<br />the ZCT detects leakage current different amplifiers’ both input.<br />Then the signals which have been amplified are integrated by<br />an external capacitor. The integrated signal connects to the input<br />terminal of latch circuit whose output is suitable for the<br />characteristics of high- speed earth leakage circuit breaker.<br />Until the input voltage reaches the fixed level, latch circuit<br />doesn’t become high. Then drives a thyristor which is connected to<br />latch circuit’s output terminal.</span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><strong>FEATURES</strong><br />* With good input sensitivity current temperature characteristics<br />* High input sensitivity :VT=6.1mV (Typ.)<br />* Only need low external component count<br />* High noise and surge-proof<br />* Low power dissipation :PD=5mW (Typ.)<br />* May be used both as 100V and 200V.<br />* Wide temperature range : from -20 °C to +80°C<br /><br /><br /><strong>Datasheet</strong><br /><span style="color:#009900;">http://www.unisonic.com.tw/datasheet/M54123L.pdf</span> </span>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-59367078084963998032009-11-10T18:32:00.000-08:002009-11-10T18:32:00.212-08:00CAN BUS Interface With Microcontroller by SPI Circuit<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKivJKszvyGvVsuWlBx7VJSpia-_ISYar02ButRMD7q7fp_37KPhJ9Hq5tJ0alFKY2RQPiMYW-nhg5lSa_bAWFfQjRV3ZuO1TrVIj9cM3rYxsiAY_3k2fg-xadtWSS1yh5sd-2/s1600-h/CAN+BUS+Interface+With+Microcontroller.JPG"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399700147074449938" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 197px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKivJKszvyGvVsuWlBx7VJSpia-_ISYar02ButRMD7q7fp_37KPhJ9Hq5tJ0alFKY2RQPiMYW-nhg5lSa_bAWFfQjRV3ZuO1TrVIj9cM3rYxsiAY_3k2fg-xadtWSS1yh5sd-2/s320/CAN+BUS+Interface+With+Microcontroller.JPG" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><strong><span style="font-family:arial;">SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION</span></strong><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXegXh1t7yKnmXzwDzvCojvATMIKmopFPrYr1KkyYqYSQXZBzaGWaUW9nr3qbc3oMMk-NnpBaGMJpOzYMEXQjf-GCbhftSosLmdHC5Ni20HZ9KDtaZIpUZ3Nak9m7Tm3GEina-/s1600-h/CAN+BUS+Interface+With+Microcontroller+2.JPG"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399699948406520258" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 125px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXegXh1t7yKnmXzwDzvCojvATMIKmopFPrYr1KkyYqYSQXZBzaGWaUW9nr3qbc3oMMk-NnpBaGMJpOzYMEXQjf-GCbhftSosLmdHC5Ni20HZ9KDtaZIpUZ3Nak9m7Tm3GEina-/s320/CAN+BUS+Interface+With+Microcontroller+2.JPG" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">MCP2515<br />Description<br />Microchip Technology’s MCP2515 is a stand-alone<br />Controller Area Network (CAN) controller that implements<br />the CAN specification, version 2.0B. It is capable<br />of transmitting and receiving both standard and<br />extended data and remote frames. The MCP2515 has<br />two acceptance masks and six acceptance filters that<br />are used to filter out unwanted messages, thereby<br />reducing the host MCUs overhead. The MCP2515<br />interfaces with microcontrollers (MCUs) via an industry<br />standard Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI).<br /><br />Features<br />• Implements CAN V2.0B at 1 Mb/s:<br />- 0 – 8 byte length in the data field<br />- Standard and extended data and remote<br />frames<br />• Receive buffers, masks and filters:<br />- Two receive buffers with prioritized message<br />storage<br />- Six 29-bit filters<br />- Two 29-bit masks<br />• Data byte filtering on the first two data bytes<br />(applies to standard data frames)<br />• Three transmit buffers with prioritizaton and abort<br />features<br />• High-speed SPI™ Interface (10 MHz):<br />- SPI modes 0,0 and 1,1<br />• One-shot mode ensures message transmission is<br />attempted only one time<br />• Clock out pin with programmable prescaler:<br />- Can be used as a clock source for other<br />device(s)<br />• Start-of-Frame (SOF) signal is available for<br />monitoring the SOF signal:<br />- Can be used for time-slot-based protocols<br />and/or bus diagnostics to detect early bus<br />degredation<br />• Interrupt output pin with selectable enables<br />• Buffer Full output pins configurable as:<br />- Interrupt output for each receive buffer<br />- General purpose output<br />• Request-to-Send (RTS) input pins individually<br />configurable as:<br />- Control pins to request transmission for each<br />transmit buffer<br />- General purpose inputs<br />• Low-power CMOS technology:<br />- Operates from 2.7V – 5.5V<br />- 5 mA active current (typical)<br />- 1 µA standby current (typical) (Sleep mode)<br />• Temperature ranges supported:<br />- Industrial (I): -40°C to +85°C<br />- Extended (E): -40°C to +125°C<br /><br /><span style="color:#009900;">http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/21801d.pdf</span></span>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-28884204169340449482009-11-02T18:29:00.000-08:002009-11-02T18:32:07.243-08:00ADC AND I/O CAN BUS Circuit<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6m5mfLVq5xDEL15MU6ImduwgtCw6BjT3_y2Q9MNOdrLB_-X2sM8PGgOqYRKEEu33OwfuzWB4nZM1xoRfpdFvGmMRugUZUApIKxkBtlhW_nlvvOQG9WsORhHbx2HDIZzy0QJ3A/s1600-h/ADC+AND+IO+CAN+BUS+Circuit+01.JPG"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5399699245941238402" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 176px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6m5mfLVq5xDEL15MU6ImduwgtCw6BjT3_y2Q9MNOdrLB_-X2sM8PGgOqYRKEEu33OwfuzWB4nZM1xoRfpdFvGmMRugUZUApIKxkBtlhW_nlvvOQG9WsORhHbx2HDIZzy0QJ3A/s320/ADC+AND+IO+CAN+BUS+Circuit+01.JPG" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><strong>MCP2502X/5X<br />Description</strong><br />The MCP2502X/5X devices operate as I/O expanders<br />for a Controller Area Network (CAN) system,<br />supporting CAN V2.0B active, with bus rates up to<br />1 Mb/s. The MCP2502X/5X allows a simple CAN node<br />to be implemented without the need for a<br />microcontroller.<br /><br />The MCP2502X/5X devices feature a number of<br />peripherals, including digital I/Os, four-channel 10-bit<br />A/D (MCP2505X) and PWM outputs with automatic<br />message transmission on change-of-input state. This<br />includes an analog input exceeding a preset threshold.<br /><br /><strong>Features<br /></strong>• Implements CAN V2.0B<br />- Programmable bit rate up to 1 Mb/s<br />- One programmable mask<br />- Two programmable filters<br />- Three auto-transmit buffers<br />- Two message reception buffers<br />- Does not require synchronization or<br />configuration messages<br />• Hardware Features<br />- Non-volatile memory for user configuration<br />- User configuration automatically loaded on<br />power-up<br />- Eight general-purpose I/O lines individually<br />selectable as inputs or outputs<br />- Individually selectable transmit-on-pinchange<br />for each input<br />- Four 10-bit, analog input channels with<br />programmable conversion clock and VREF<br />sources (MCP2505X devices only)<br />- Message scheduling capability<br />- Two 10-bit PWM outputs with independently<br />programmable frequencies<br />- Device configuration can be modified via<br />CAN bus messages<br />- In-Circuit Serial Programming™ (ICSP™) of<br />default configuration memory<br />- Optional 1-wire CAN bus operation<br />• Low-power CMOS technology<br />- Operates from 2.7V to 5.5V<br />- 10 mA active current, typical<br />- 30 µA standby current (CAN Sleep mode)<br />• 14-pin PDIP (300 mil) and SOIC (150 mil)<br />packages<br />• Available temperature ranges:<br />- Industrial (I): -40°C to +85°C<br />- Extended (E): -40°C to +125°C<br /><br /><span style="color:#009900;">http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/21664D.pdf</span> </span>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-18220159875099770532009-10-19T17:17:00.000-07:002009-10-19T17:20:27.122-07:00USB Keyboard by Microcontroller with Embedded Hub CircuitThe Atmel sample version of the AT43USB326 contains firmware<br /> that supports customization of the Vendor ID, Product ID, <br />String Descriptor and the keyboard matrix. This information <br />is stored in an external AT24C02A serial EEPROM.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimpXjUSh-vR72_RiT5f6U7Z5lCleOUCacZec_6kAyBuIkKmQPTnaN6sFL8dNgAR5FsuZRVHljeEGuh7jfNgNPdIcT9C3s8OYYehg7PW0mGIWF18165b6ODRllG1Wljo19lf5eJ/s1600-h/keyboard+with+an+embedded+hub+and+its+BOM.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 270px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimpXjUSh-vR72_RiT5f6U7Z5lCleOUCacZec_6kAyBuIkKmQPTnaN6sFL8dNgAR5FsuZRVHljeEGuh7jfNgNPdIcT9C3s8OYYehg7PW0mGIWF18165b6ODRllG1Wljo19lf5eJ/s320/keyboard+with+an+embedded+hub+and+its+BOM.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5394469919269757458" /></a><br /><br />The Atmel AT43USB326 is an 8-bit microcontroller based on the <br />AVR RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in <br />a single clock cycle, the AT43USB326 achieves throughputs <br />approaching 12 MIPS. The AVR core combines a rich instruction<br />set with 32 general-purpose working registers. All 32 registers<br /> are directly connected to the ALU allowing two independent <br />registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in <br />one clock cycle. The resulting architecture is more code efficient<br />while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than <br />conventional CISC microcontrollers.<br /><br />Features<br />• AVR® 8-bit RISC Microcontroller with 83 ns Instruction Cycle Time<br />• USB Hub with One Attached and Two External Ports<br />• USB Keyboard Function with Three Programmable Endpoints<br />• 16 KB Program Memory, 512 Bytes Data SRAM<br />• 32 x 8 General-purpose Working Registers<br />• 32 Programmable I/O Port Pins<br />• Support for 18 x 8 Keyboard Matrix<br />• Keyboard Scan Inputs with Pull-up Resistor<br />• Four LED Driver Outputs<br />• One 8-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Pre-scaler<br />• External and Internal Interrupt Sources<br />• Programmable Watchdog Timer<br />• 6 MHz Oscillator with On-chip PLL<br />• 5V Operation with On-chip 3.3V Power Supply<br />• 48-lead LQFP Package<br /><br />http://www.atmel.com/dyn/resources/prod_documents/doc3313.pdfkophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-35032938445747515962009-10-07T18:00:00.000-07:002009-10-07T18:02:51.296-07:00PS/2 SCROLLING MOUSE CONTROL CIRCUIT<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfRdHWRPk6FnwO7I4IFsXzpt4sSw-LsfxQv2lu48eZ4-luOFc3QEAaKZafu6MeK-uagaLJi9j2VERN8B59lR_9JJjVO7DmeeGAcDfuyyJ7vn1jDZLl_zvYjxzJR2NZy2OIYHup/s1600-h/MOUSE+CONTROLLER.JPG"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5390027982455848098" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 171px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 200px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfRdHWRPk6FnwO7I4IFsXzpt4sSw-LsfxQv2lu48eZ4-luOFc3QEAaKZafu6MeK-uagaLJi9j2VERN8B59lR_9JJjVO7DmeeGAcDfuyyJ7vn1jDZLl_zvYjxzJR2NZy2OIYHup/s200/MOUSE+CONTROLLER.JPG" border="0" /></a><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color:#3333ff;"><strong>DESCRIPTION</strong><br /></span>The UT84520 Scrolling Mouse Controller is specially<br />designed to control PS/2 mouse device.This single chip can<br />interface with three key-switches and 4X-Y photo-couples plus<br />Z-axis directly to 8042 controller.<br />There are four types of Z-axis inputs used to implement<br />scrolling mouse functionality.<br /><br /><span style="color:#3333ff;"><strong>FEATURES</strong><br /></span>*Using 50KΩ+5% resistor for RC oscillation.<br />*Compatible with legacy PS/2 mouse.<br />*Compatible with Microsoft PS/2 scrolling mouse.<br />*Built-in noise immunity circuit.<br />*The sampling rate of motion detector is up to 65KHz.<br />*Built-in three step dynamic input impedance.<br />*Three key-switches and four photo-couples inputs.<br />*Photo couple test mode included﹒<br />*Low power dissipation.<br />*Two types Z direction input:<br />1.Photo couples input<br />2.Mechanical input</span><br /><div></div>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-85287794231371757842009-08-29T19:49:00.000-07:002009-08-29T19:52:14.948-07:00Basic Electronic Lecture Vedio<span style="font-family:arial;"><strong>Active Diode Circuits Lecture Vedio</strong><br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/IuLXQ20cmjM&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/IuLXQ20cmjM&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br /><strong>Oscillatiors Lecture Vedio</strong><br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/8iPRR6iCD8A&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/8iPRR6iCD8A&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br /><strong>Logarthmic and Anti-Logarthmic Amplifer Lecture Vedio</strong><br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/_9M1FH1kg7Y&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/_9M1FH1kg7Y&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br /><br /><br /><strong>Filters Lecture Vedio</strong><br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/LL3U-Gp-qGk&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/LL3U-Gp-qGk&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br /><strong>Unit Junction Transistor Lecture Vedio</strong><br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/BgmxbJhszrw&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/BgmxbJhszrw&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object></span>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-43766597608476599232009-08-11T18:46:00.000-07:002009-08-11T18:53:52.869-07:00Inductive Touch Sensing Keyboard Circuit<span style="font-family:arial;">Figure shows an example for a 4-key Inductive Touch Sensing keyboard </span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">with key controlled by the IO pins of the PIC® MCU.</span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><br /><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmEXrFma86YfJMJSVeuaJLwIoszAqTPd4I5xi7zSqvjNoAWxth1UAp-Qz379jnnZK2Tr_nHgIWefND-SthiU5-7-wZGdJkHJ2jGP3wFGor_6a8kkuGdSVkqwWSMSDmUO0WLL3t/s1600-h/Inductive+Touch+Sensing+Keyboard+Circuit.JPG"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5368888140731665602" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 211px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmEXrFma86YfJMJSVeuaJLwIoszAqTPd4I5xi7zSqvjNoAWxth1UAp-Qz379jnnZK2Tr_nHgIWefND-SthiU5-7-wZGdJkHJ2jGP3wFGor_6a8kkuGdSVkqwWSMSDmUO0WLL3t/s320/Inductive+Touch+Sensing+Keyboard+Circuit.JPG" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> </span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">The PIC® microcontroller is used to generate a squarewave signal and </span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">to do all the necessary operations forproper detection of the key press event.</span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><br />Then, RIN-CIN filter converts the square wave output ofthe PWM into<br />a quasi-triangular waveform.<br /><br />To calculate the amplitude of the triangular signal, thestandard charging<br />time equation for an RC network willbe used<br /><br /><strong>MCP2036</strong><br />DescriptionThe MCP2036 Inductive Sensor Analog Front End(AFE)<br />combines all the necessary analog functions fora complete inductance<br />measurement system.The device includes :• High-frequency,<br />current-mode coil driver forexciting the sensor coil.• Synchronous detector<br />for converting AC sensevoltages into DC levels.• Output amplifier/filter to<br />improve resolution andlimit noise.• Virtual ground reference generator for<br />singlesupply operation.<br /><br /><strong>Features</strong><br />• Complete Inductance Measurement System:<br />- Low-Impedance Current Driver<br />- Sensor/Reference Coil Multiplexer<br />- High-Frequency Detector<br />• Operating Voltage: 2.7 to 5.5V<br />• Low-Power Standby Mode<br />• Gain and Frequency set by external passivecomponents</span><br /><br /><span style="color:#33cc00;"><span style="font-family:arial;">MCP2036 Datasheet pdf</span><br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;">http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/22186A.pdf</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><strong>Introduction to Inductive Touch Sensing Vedio</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-family:arial;">Introduction to mTouch Inductive Touch Sensing Part 1</span><br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/nIojH5y69Gw&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/nIojH5y69Gw&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">Introduction to mTouch Inductive Touch Sensing Part 2<br /></span><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/9P9oELAAErg&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/9P9oELAAErg&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object></p>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-24456577330942533292009-08-02T18:00:00.000-07:002009-08-02T18:02:43.635-07:00Operation Amplifier Circuit and Application Lecture Vedio<span style="font-family:arial;"><strong>Characteristics of Operation Amplifier Lecture Vedio<br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/qrIOoAIWSaQ&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/qrIOoAIWSaQ&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br />Characteristics of Operation Amplifier Lecture Vedio<br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/baO_obVg8co&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/baO_obVg8co&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br />Characteristics of Operation Amplifier Lecture Vedio<br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/wC8sc5pn6eo&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/wC8sc5pn6eo&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br />Inverter/Non-Inverter Circuits Lecture Vedio<br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/dTHB5BLqsuk&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/dTHB5BLqsuk&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br />Applications of Op Amps Lecture Vedio<br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/xki9taCqsWY&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/xki9taCqsWY&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br /><br />Non-Linear Op Amp circuits Lecture Vedio<br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/NVj_Eu3sJL4&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/NVj_Eu3sJL4&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br /><br />Applications of Op Amps Lecture Vedio<br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/EwG77iw8s2M&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/EwG77iw8s2M&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object></strong></span>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-67188262340860101062009-07-27T18:23:00.000-07:002009-07-27T18:27:48.120-07:00Typical Characteristic of Operation Amplifier and Types of Feed Back Lecture Vedio<span style="font-family:arial;"><strong>Typical Characteristic of Operation Amplifier Lecture Vedio<br /><br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/x1LiujjmI3w&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/x1LiujjmI3w&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br />Four Types of Feed Back Lecture Vedio 1<br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/f_l9wr6A1-8&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/f_l9wr6A1-8&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br />Four Types of Feed Back Lecture Vedio 2<br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/Puq8mI9jOqs&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/Puq8mI9jOqs&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br /><br />Mathematical Operations Lecture Vedio<br /><br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/Q4xlbQqEr4Y&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/Q4xlbQqEr4Y&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br />Mathematical Operations 1 Lecture Vedio<br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/-HxYD_6dveI&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/-HxYD_6dveI&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br />Mathematical Operations 2 Lecture Vedio<br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/BQ8ci8iWecs&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/BQ8ci8iWecs&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object></strong></span>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-81689003954699272682009-07-13T18:06:00.000-07:002009-07-13T18:12:42.227-07:00Transistor Biasing, Frequency Analysis and Amplifer Lecture VedioTransmission of Analog Signal – II Lecture Vedio<br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/lmXil72qCiQ&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/lmXil72qCiQ&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br /><br />Transistor Biasing Lecture Vedio<br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/PSdHf6yozyc&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/PSdHf6yozyc&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br /><br />Basic Characteristic of an Amplifer Lecture Vedio<br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/1b8VPJY_tPg&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/1b8VPJY_tPg&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br /><br />Hybrid Equivalent Circuit, H-Parameters Lecture Vedio<br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/4rcopzJWayQ&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/4rcopzJWayQ&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br />Circuit Analysis using H-Parameters Lecture Vedio<br /><br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/aSVwZZng7YM&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/aSVwZZng7YM&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br /><strong><span style="font-family:arial;">Frequency Analysis Vedio<br /></span></strong><br /><strong><span style="font-family:arial;">Frequency Response of Amplifiers Lecture Vedio<br /></span></strong><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/BAkaeYBZTZ4&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/BAkaeYBZTZ4&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br /><br /><strong><span style="font-family:arial;">Frequency Analysis Lecture Vedio</span></strong><br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/mDVCmspThgg&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/mDVCmspThgg&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br /><strong><span style="font-family:arial;">Amplifiers Lecture Vedio<br /></span></strong><br /><strong><span style="font-family:arial;">Power Amplifiers Lecture Vedio</span></strong><br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/gRcE2t_28co&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/gRcE2t_28co&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><strong>Differential Amplifiers CKT Lecture Vedio</strong></span><br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/ExXLTobINUg&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/ExXLTobINUg&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-19403404059113757142009-07-05T02:53:00.000-07:002009-07-05T02:55:10.393-07:00Basic Diodes Lecture VedioSemi Conductor Diodes Lecture Vedio<br /><br /><object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/wo2S_G4ugz8&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/wo2S_G4ugz8&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br />Applications of Diodes Lecture Vedio<br /><br /><object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/TmJfL-jRLTI&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/TmJfL-jRLTI&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br />Wave Shaping using Diodes Lecture Vedio<br /><br /><object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/YchvppCoSvc&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/YchvppCoSvc&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br />Zener Diode Characteristics Lecture Vedio<br /><br /><object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/zjrSAuhTFPE&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/zjrSAuhTFPE&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-37791567016331006992009-06-20T21:23:00.000-07:002009-06-20T21:26:15.193-07:00Basic Electronics and Electronic Devices Lecture Vedio<span style="font-family:arial;font-size:130%;"><strong>Introduction to Basic Electronics Lecture Vedio<br /></strong></span><br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/w8Dq8blTmSA&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/w8Dq8blTmSA&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:130%;"><strong>Electronic Devices 1 Lecture Vedio<br /></strong></span><br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/qqQ8wO-lNmI&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/qqQ8wO-lNmI&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:130%;"><strong>Electronics Devices Lecture Vedio</strong></span><br /><br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/Wf19II0ts84&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/Wf19II0ts84&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:130%;"><strong>Some Useful Laws in Basic Electronics Lecture Vedio</strong></span><br /><br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/vfVVF58FtCc&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/vfVVF58FtCc&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /><br /><br /><strong><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Some Useful Theorems in Basic Electronics Lecture Vedio</span><br /></span></strong><br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/niRTw1nn45o&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/niRTw1nn45o&hl=en&fs=1&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-4469324560273229812009-06-13T01:42:00.001-07:002009-06-13T01:45:35.704-07:00BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR Driver Circuit<span style="font-family:arial;"><strong><span style="font-size:130%;color:#3333ff;">Closed Loop Brushless DC Motor Control Circuit</span></strong><br /><br />Brushless DC Motor Controller<br />The MC33035 is a high performance second generation monolithic<br />brushless DC motor controller containing all of the active functions<br />required to implement a full featured open loop, three or four phase<br />motor control system. This device consists of a rotor position decoder<br />for proper commutation sequencing, temperature compensated<br />reference capable of supplying sensor power, frequency<br />programmable sawtooth oscillator, three open collector top drivers,<br />and three high current totem pole bottom drivers ideally suited for<br />driving power MOSFETs.</span><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2VF7-g7lntQQ76xiC2L1RIwM5QX7GjRSLr8w6-S1KrJUIgiQvPaNJmL1n0YbgJyCYi0IjZD5MhJKGrAlLYSUGY2A2H2yVANxFdc2MkC6W7kTpMYRXXLyL6JPFlc5qQU3UIyJb/s1600-h/Loop+Brushless+DC+Motor+Control+Circuit+01.JPG"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5346730232215761298" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 200px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 154px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2VF7-g7lntQQ76xiC2L1RIwM5QX7GjRSLr8w6-S1KrJUIgiQvPaNJmL1n0YbgJyCYi0IjZD5MhJKGrAlLYSUGY2A2H2yVANxFdc2MkC6W7kTpMYRXXLyL6JPFlc5qQU3UIyJb/s200/Loop+Brushless+DC+Motor+Control+Circuit+01.JPG" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-family:arial;">The MC33035, by itself, is only capable of open loop<br />motor speed control. For closed loop motor speed control,<br />the MC33035 requires an input voltage proportional to the<br />motor speed. Traditionally, this has been accomplished by<br />means of a tachometer to generate the motor speed feedback<br />voltage. Figure 39 shows an application whereby an<br />MC33039, powered from the 6.25 V reference (Pin 8) of the<br />MC33035, is used to generate the required feedback voltage<br />without the need of a costly tachometer. The same Hall<br />sensor signals used by the MC33035 for rotor position<br />decoding are utilized by the MC33039. Every positive or<br />negative going transition of the Hall sensor signals on any<br />of the sensor lines causes the MC33039 to produce an output<br />pulse of defined amplitude and time duration, as determined<br />by the external resistor R1 and capacitor C1. The output train<br /><br />of pulses at Pin 5 of the MC33039 are integrated by the error<br />amplifier of the MC33035 configured as an integrator to<br />produce a DC voltage level which is proportional to the<br />motor speed. This speed proportional voltage establishes the<br />PWM reference level at Pin 13 of the MC33035 motor<br />controller and closes the feedback loop. The MC33035<br />outputs drive a TMOS power MOSFET 3−phase bridge.<br />High currents can be expected during conditions of start−up,<br />breaking, and change of direction of the motor.<br /><br />The system shown in Figure 39 is designed for a motor<br />having 120/240 degrees Hall sensor electrical phasing. The<br />system can easily be modified to accommodate 60/300<br />degree Hall sensor electrical phasing by removing the<br />jumper (J2) at Pin 22 of the MC33035.<br /><br /><br /><br /><strong><span style="font-size:130%;color:#3333ff;">2.8A THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR Driver Circuit<br /></span></strong><br />DMOS DRIVER FOR THREE-PHASE BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR<br />The L6235 is a DMOS Fully Integrated Three-Phase<br />Motor Driver with Overcurrent Protection.<br />Realized in MultiPower-BCD technology, the device<br />combines isolated DMOS Power Transistors with<br />CMOS and bipolar circuits on the same chip.<br />The device includes all the circuitry needed to drive a<br />three-phase BLDC motor including: a three-phase<br />DMOS Bridge, a constant off time PWM Current Controller<br />and the decoding logic for single ended hall<br />sensors that generates the required sequence for the<br />power stage.</span></div><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWIpZemp0LTvmxvKz8WWc_mR7lkwFxwSkCgT5o6H9FgxyPdlBwNZS1coRC_n3uTuv4LDic1MvlhvoEy-OhVRazUbJmc_yYrhRT-NGINotlxCBQznzfK6zYEflFZYMvtMW8OqHP/s1600-h/Loop+Brushless+DC+Motor+Control+Circuit+02.JPG"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5346730123480277874" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 200px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 112px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWIpZemp0LTvmxvKz8WWc_mR7lkwFxwSkCgT5o6H9FgxyPdlBwNZS1coRC_n3uTuv4LDic1MvlhvoEy-OhVRazUbJmc_yYrhRT-NGINotlxCBQznzfK6zYEflFZYMvtMW8OqHP/s200/Loop+Brushless+DC+Motor+Control+Circuit+02.JPG" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /></span><div><span style="font-family:arial;">A typical application using L6235 is shown in Figure 21.<br />Typical component values for the application are shown<br />in Table 3. A high quality ceramic capacitor (C2) in the<br />range of 100nF to 200nF should be placed between the<br />power pins VSA and VSB and ground near the L6235 to<br />improve the high frequency filtering on the power supply<br />and reduce high frequency transients generated by the<br />switching. The capacitor (CEN) connected from the EN<br />input to ground sets the shut down time when an over<br />current is detected (see Overcurrent Protection). The two<br />current sensing inputs (SENSEA and SENSEB) should be<br />connected to the sensing resistor RSENSE with a trace<br />length as short as possible in the layout. The sense<br />resistor should be non-inductive resistor to minimize<br />the di/dt transients across the resistor. To increase noise<br />immunity, unused logic pins are best connected to 5V<br />(High Logic Level) or GND (Low Logic Level) (see pin<br />description). It is recommended to keep Power Ground<br />and Signal Ground separated on PCB.<br /><br /><br /><br /><strong><span style="font-size:130%;color:#3333ff;">175-V, 2-A, two-quadrant velocity controller Driver Circuit</span></strong><br /><br />The UCC3626 motor controller device combines<br />many of the functions required to design a<br />high-performance, two- or four-quadrant, threephase,<br />brushless dc motor controller into one<br />package. Rotor position inputs are decoded to<br />provide six outputs that control an external power<br />stage. A precision triangle oscillator and latched<br />comparator provide PWM motor control in either<br />voltage- or current-mode configurations. The<br />oscillator is easily synchronized to an external<br />master clock source via the SYNCH input.<br />Additionally, a QUAD select input configures the<br />chip to modulate either the low-side switches only,<br />or both upper and lower switches, allowing the<br />user to minimize switching losses in less<br />demanding two-quadrant applications.</span></div><br /><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilBUgGCbW9BzkyXIE_DSAper4VvkZ3TqKYymed-aU-WRZCQ3g7OycPwuq-kh0XYj72s4aqyt2ywNyIZhswXGAXXiZOu0ixYKutqLLgWsDFdyrYg_RCvc3RrWuuUxsQ31U_navf/s1600-h/Loop+Brushless+DC+Motor+Control+Circuit+03.JPG"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5346729982571367602" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 153px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 200px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilBUgGCbW9BzkyXIE_DSAper4VvkZ3TqKYymed-aU-WRZCQ3g7OycPwuq-kh0XYj72s4aqyt2ywNyIZhswXGAXXiZOu0ixYKutqLLgWsDFdyrYg_RCvc3RrWuuUxsQ31U_navf/s200/Loop+Brushless+DC+Motor+Control+Circuit+03.JPG" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"><br />Figure illustrates a simple 175-V, 2-A, two-quadrant<br />velocity controller using the UCC3626. The power stage<br />is designed to operate with a rectified off-line supply using<br />IR2210s to provide the interface between the low<br />voltage control signals and the power MOSFETs. </span></div></div>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-15404240887781581712009-04-15T17:50:00.000-07:002009-04-19T04:39:23.312-07:00Microcontroller to USB Serial Interface Circuit<span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><strong><span style="color:#3333ff;">Microcontroller to USB UART Interface Circuit</span></strong></span><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNnIlmWfyLPd8D7Rr2Pz6cqLEt7VwoE-4E_pg0QYB9MXDZUoDZhyphenhyphen3p8WJI8I6pQRdDJEXVjR9sN4nBRqPHZP-JXbo_S61VCE8LOU3m0eVbIkJY219q-cVla5jH9Wq5z88ytiEy/s1600-h/Microcontroller+to+USB++01.JPG"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5325085672036015746" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 200px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 108px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNnIlmWfyLPd8D7Rr2Pz6cqLEt7VwoE-4E_pg0QYB9MXDZUoDZhyphenhyphen3p8WJI8I6pQRdDJEXVjR9sN4nBRqPHZP-JXbo_S61VCE8LOU3m0eVbIkJY219q-cVla5jH9Wq5z88ytiEy/s200/Microcontroller+to+USB++01.JPG" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-family:arial;">Figure 7.4 USB to MCU Serial Interface<br />An example of using the FT232R as a USB to Microcontroller<br />(MCU) UART interface is shown in Figure 7.4. In this application<br />the FT232R uses TXD and RXD for transmission and reception of<br />data, and RTS# / CTS# signals for hardware handshaking. Also<br />in this example CBUS0 has been configured as a 12MHz output to<br />clock the MCU. Optionally, RI# could be connected to another I/O<br />pin on the MCU and used to wake up the USB host controller from<br />suspend mode. If the MCU is handling power management functions,<br />then a CBUS pin can be configured as PWREN# and would also be<br />connected to an I/O pin of the MCU.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.ftdichip.com/Documents/DataSheets/DS_FT245BM.pdf"><span style="color:#33cc00;">FT245BM datasheet pdf</span></a><br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /><strong><span style="color:#3333ff;">Implementation USB to microcontroller (AVR)<br /></span></strong><br />Purpose of this article is to inform readers about implementation<br />USB interface into singlechip microcontroller, which this interface<br />directly not supports. Simply: implementation USB interface on<br />firmware level (similar as emulation of RS232 Serial interface in<br />microcontrollers, which not have RS232 Serial support). This project<br />includes development of firmware on microcontroller side, driver<br />development on computer side (for Windows operating system) ,<br />development of DLL library for functions calling from another<br />programs (programmers level) and development of demo program<br />(users level), which shows all functions of this device. Device is<br />named IgorPlug-USB (AVR) (as successor of my previous device<br />for computer remote control </span><span style="font-family:arial;">IgorPlug</span><span style="font-family:arial;"> - serial port version).</span></div><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmiIPCmkEHePCsJz-hjat6dpe28yyxxzXbrXGFni6ulyQ444Nm3k8LTsXk0hBnIvo1Y0QV3mTID83dW0RK-qXKDOGXfJjrCNbp7Ssao27Y8WndWhSlRrRIeCQl8DtY9O-qSYxv/s1600-h/Microcontroller+to+USB++02.JPG"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5325085546386123474" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 200px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 162px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmiIPCmkEHePCsJz-hjat6dpe28yyxxzXbrXGFni6ulyQ444Nm3k8LTsXk0hBnIvo1Y0QV3mTID83dW0RK-qXKDOGXfJjrCNbp7Ssao27Y8WndWhSlRrRIeCQl8DtY9O-qSYxv/s200/Microcontroller+to+USB++02.JPG" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-family:arial;">Universal USB interface<br /><a href="http://www.modding.kh.ua/a/IgorPlug-USB_(AVR)_eng.htm"><span style="color:#33cc00;">more</span></a><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;"> </div></span></div>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-44726238654817563472009-04-11T10:17:00.000-07:002009-04-19T04:39:49.280-07:00WIDER POSITION SENSING CIRCUIT<span style="font-family:arial;"><br />To go from 45° to 90° requires two HMC1501<br />sensors or a single HMC1512 dual sensor part. By<br />using two bridges with 45° displacement from each<br />other, the two linear slopes can be used additively.<br />Figure 8 shows a typical configuration.<br />From Figure 8, as the shaft rotates around, magnetic<br />flux from a magnet placed at the end of the shaft exits<br />the north pole and returns to the south pole. With a<br />HMC1512 placed on the shaft axis, just above the<br />magnet, the flux passing through the sensor bridges<br />will retain the orientation of the magnet. From this<br />rotation, the output of the two bridges will create sine<br />and cosine waveforms as shown in Figure 9.</span><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbhDBk2PV6jUs1TQvGLv1RcEkfFb37d-OKAt5yP_H8KIm14QFrzL3S8VrUQePHP_X381rm-XgVBLJBoIfHgH-iMuJOx0K5HOud_ZE9nX-UDEowhOYkTSSc-vANT1wnxwUEsWxh/s1600-h/WIDER+POSITION+SENSING+CIRCUIT+01.JPG"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5322743709619383618" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 303px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 218px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbhDBk2PV6jUs1TQvGLv1RcEkfFb37d-OKAt5yP_H8KIm14QFrzL3S8VrUQePHP_X381rm-XgVBLJBoIfHgH-iMuJOx0K5HOud_ZE9nX-UDEowhOYkTSSc-vANT1wnxwUEsWxh/s320/WIDER+POSITION+SENSING+CIRCUIT+01.JPG" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOGZSyx04tuT5PQ8dCdBm-dQQ-PKuPw7yRc-yi8VRjvlDpfm9Sf-64YolSVdC2LnAsv817Yx3j3-ktOSTODoKJ35yTT8YUyQOHuOaBLIj90k4PA8qDnmeTviz3DRwkTE_VBxDA/s1600-h/WIDER+POSITION+SENSING+CIRCUIT+02.JPG"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5322743630674425234" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 305px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 288px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOGZSyx04tuT5PQ8dCdBm-dQQ-PKuPw7yRc-yi8VRjvlDpfm9Sf-64YolSVdC2LnAsv817Yx3j3-ktOSTODoKJ35yTT8YUyQOHuOaBLIj90k4PA8qDnmeTviz3DRwkTE_VBxDA/s320/WIDER+POSITION+SENSING+CIRCUIT+02.JPG" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-family:arial;">Because the sine (sensor bridge A) and cosine<br />(sensor bridge B) will match after the offset error<br />voltages are subtracted, the ratio of bridge A to bridge<br />B creates a tangent 2O function and the amplitude A<br />values cancel. Thus the angle theta is described<br />as:</span><br /></div><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1dI7eTv9hyphenhyphenv-RamP5ZxtBU7zKZF46UikmKEz4I80QwQ-KKIArk-DuTPNZ4kM0kXtmHxz2m8tnqn2ZRyioxZVqCKu6vUXLWI6QnRK8eqxr6c5lb9brANA959ZnZFBJWn1TFY2W/s1600-h/WIDER+POSITION+SENSING+CIRCUIT+03.JPG"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5322743494212306866" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 223px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 36px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1dI7eTv9hyphenhyphenv-RamP5ZxtBU7zKZF46UikmKEz4I80QwQ-KKIArk-DuTPNZ4kM0kXtmHxz2m8tnqn2ZRyioxZVqCKu6vUXLWI6QnRK8eqxr6c5lb9brANA959ZnZFBJWn1TFY2W/s400/WIDER+POSITION+SENSING+CIRCUIT+03.JPG" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> </span><span style="font-family:arial;">However because there are some trigonometric<br />nuances with the arctangent function when gets<br />close to _45° and beyond, these special cases apply:</span><br /><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrzKTuw86UJH2ROkywRu1QMQEtHNRZxW4i4nxX2N7hxlEThBn-cARDt1u9neLemu9tnB2GH-3s6rBx9jLZeXAOKbALkG-2ukNj7KHzktkOwO9gqDWam34Ka0YEVecmA0UIr8a8/s1600-h/WIDER+POSITION+SENSING+CIRCUIT+04.JPG"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5322743362959919538" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 359px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 193px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrzKTuw86UJH2ROkywRu1QMQEtHNRZxW4i4nxX2N7hxlEThBn-cARDt1u9neLemu9tnB2GH-3s6rBx9jLZeXAOKbALkG-2ukNj7KHzktkOwO9gqDWam34Ka0YEVecmA0UIr8a8/s400/WIDER+POSITION+SENSING+CIRCUIT+04.JPG" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"> </span><span style="font-family:arial;">Because most trigonometric functions are performed<br />as memory maps in microcontroller integrated circuits,<br />these kinds of special case conditions are easily dealt<br />with. The resultant angle theta is the relative<br />position of the magnetic field with respect to the<br />sensor. It should be noted that if rotation is permitted<br />beyond _90°, the theta calculation will replicate again<br />with postive and negative 90° readings jumping at the<br />end points. Further performance to 360° or _180° can<br />be mapped into a microcontroller by using this circuit<br />plus a Hall Effect sensor to determine which side of<br />the shaft is being positionally measured via magnetic<br />polarity detection. Figure 10 shows the basic circuit<br />interface for the HMC1512. </span><br /><br /><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyKCH1uVB3UYZ9g7_Nc-w8wC5UwWfBkI9JHeEdu3lSd2Frxe3udQHEmIfDtXCocvELZxFxce7bRLN_ie51vUZOnqyNhRxj8lW2GxO2eaGWR_J4Sv3GC1Px_lf3Xm_fdHD3VDA0/s1600-h/WIDER+POSITION+SENSING+CIRCUIT+05.JPG"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5322742965453266866" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 250px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyKCH1uVB3UYZ9g7_Nc-w8wC5UwWfBkI9JHeEdu3lSd2Frxe3udQHEmIfDtXCocvELZxFxce7bRLN_ie51vUZOnqyNhRxj8lW2GxO2eaGWR_J4Sv3GC1Px_lf3Xm_fdHD3VDA0/s320/WIDER+POSITION+SENSING+CIRCUIT+05.JPG" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span></p><br /><div><span style="font-family:arial;"><strong><span style="color:#009900;">Source </span></strong><br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;color:#33cc00;">http://www.ssec.honeywell.com/magnetic/datasheets/an211.pdf</span><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br />HMC1501 / HMC1512<br />Linear / Angular / Rotary<br />Displacement Sensors<br />High resolution, low power MR sensor capable of measuring the angle<br />direction of a magnetic field from a magnet with <0.07> </span></div><div><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;color:#33cc00;"><a href="http://www.ssec.honeywell.com/magnetic/datasheets/hmc1501-1512.pdf">HMC1501 Datasheet pdf</a></span> </div><div></div><div></div><div><a href="http://www.basicelectronic.blogspot.com/"><strong><span style="font-size:130%;color:#3333ff;"></span></strong></a> </div><div></div></div></div></div>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-22854790580257521642009-04-09T11:21:00.000-07:002009-04-19T04:40:17.131-07:00Snubber Circuit Design<span style="font-family:arial;"></span><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><a href="http://basicelectronic.blogspot.com/2009/03/mosfet-rcd-snubber-circuit-design.html"><span style="color:#3333ff;">Mosfet RCD Snubber Circuit Design</span></a><br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><a href="http://basicelectronic.blogspot.com/2009/03/design-mosfet-rcd-snubber-circuit.html"><span style="color:#3333ff;">Design the MOSFET RCD snubber circuit</span></a><br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><a href="http://basicelectronic.blogspot.com/2009/03/push-pull-snubber-circuit.html"><span style="color:#3333ff;">Push-Pull Snubber Circuit</span></a><br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><a href="http://basicelectronic.blogspot.com/2009/03/mosfet-snubber-circuit-in-flyback.htm"><span style="color:#3333ff;">Mosfet Snubber Circuit in Flyback Converter Circuit</span></a><br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><a href="http://basicelectronic.blogspot.com/2009/03/switch-protection-design-fast-recovery.html"><span style="color:#3333ff;">Switch Protection Design - Fast-Recovery Diodes</span></a><br /></span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;"></span>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-56173229506281279752009-04-09T10:14:00.001-07:002009-04-19T04:40:39.459-07:00Magnetic Rotary Encoder to Microcontroller Circuit<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPTZaoPgD0cS5u9EHbBB1EaHPXCO7GNyj02cmCO_dp45GMNkcHWW1MATVHyhAFwfgOYurm0X34IYIpr5WGB6k7lw8XLLh3aH2p5E1SnN17ZwI7w5F4emz6VExp6-TJYJQpi0Oh/s1600-h/Magnetic+Rotary+Encoder++to+Microcontroller+01.JPG"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5322741550247453106" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 200px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 91px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPTZaoPgD0cS5u9EHbBB1EaHPXCO7GNyj02cmCO_dp45GMNkcHWW1MATVHyhAFwfgOYurm0X34IYIpr5WGB6k7lw8XLLh3aH2p5E1SnN17ZwI7w5F4emz6VExp6-TJYJQpi0Oh/s200/Magnetic+Rotary+Encoder++to+Microcontroller+01.JPG" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-family:arial;"><strong><span style="color:#3333ff;">AS5145<br />12-Bit Programmable Magnetic Rotary Encoder</span></strong><br />The AS5145 is a contact less magnetic rotary encoder for<br />accurate angular measurement over a full turn of 360 degrees.<br />It is a system-on-chip, combining integrated Hall elements,<br />analog front end and digital signal processing in a single device.<br />To measure the angle, only a simple two-pole magnet, rotating<br />over the center of the chip, is required. The magnet may be<br />placed above or below the IC.The absolute angle measurement<br />provides instant indication of the magnet’s angular position with<br />a resolution of 0.0879º = 4096 positions per revolution. This<br />digital data is available as a serial bit stream and as a PWM<br />signal.An internal voltage regulator allows the AS5145 to<br />operate at either 3.3V or 5V supplies.<br /><br />Typical magnet (6x3mm) and magnetic field distribution </span></div><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWJb7Y3tIoNdnOdvjhiOsMx5lPGN9TAtTBdsm_Ks1DIEyzPlMF1kMi-Yz5zY5vED2KPkahJHGy94aAPiigFG8WACp1Ai1SKjw3gZqZU0U_-D1y81llgluieJBgD6SwUm7fseRx/s1600-h/Magnetic+Rotary+Encoder++to+Microcontroller+02.JPG"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5322741422113124626" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 116px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 200px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWJb7Y3tIoNdnOdvjhiOsMx5lPGN9TAtTBdsm_Ks1DIEyzPlMF1kMi-Yz5zY5vED2KPkahJHGy94aAPiigFG8WACp1Ai1SKjw3gZqZU0U_-D1y81llgluieJBgD6SwUm7fseRx/s200/Magnetic+Rotary+Encoder++to+Microcontroller+02.JPG" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /></span><div><span style="font-family:arial;">Daisy Chain Mode<br /><br />The Daisy Chain mode allows connection of several<br />AS5145’s in series, while still keeping just one digital input<br />for data transfer (see “Data IN” in Figure 9). This mode is<br />accomplished by connecting the data output (DO; pin 9) to<br />the data input (PDIO; pin 8) of the subsequent device. The<br />serial data of all connected devices is read from the DO pin<br />of the first device in the chain. The length of the serial bit<br />stream increases with every connected device,<br />it is n * (18+1) bits: n= number of devices. e.g. 38 bit for two<br />devices, 57 bit for three devices, etcetc.<br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;"><a href="http://www.austriamicrosystems.com/eng/Products/Magnetic-Encoders/Rotary-Encoders/AS5145"><span style="color:#33cc00;">AS5145 Datasheet</span></a><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;"></span></div><div> </div><div><span style="font-family:arial;"></div></span></div>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-44969495240693669112009-04-07T17:50:00.000-07:002009-04-19T04:42:12.824-07:00Microcontroller Switch-Mode Battery Charger Circuit<span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><strong><span style="color:#3333ff;">Microcontroller Battery Charger Circuit</span></strong></span><br /><strong><span style="font-family:Arial;color:#3333ff;"></span></strong><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguIqwDiFT3WDzbxODleiSQVaELz9E9pYYGT3RRK31H8R2Q1MSzMlW42CJlJGVKBAP6cnw1G8T2NEhxYjgz2YW4MbpbIida4pnXbhKfsxMDVyw-vlcG9u2hf6zVInuiVSmgSyXv/s1600-h/Design+Battery+Charger+Circuit+01.JPG"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5321374606800251826" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 200px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 151px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguIqwDiFT3WDzbxODleiSQVaELz9E9pYYGT3RRK31H8R2Q1MSzMlW42CJlJGVKBAP6cnw1G8T2NEhxYjgz2YW4MbpbIida4pnXbhKfsxMDVyw-vlcG9u2hf6zVInuiVSmgSyXv/s200/Design+Battery+Charger+Circuit+01.JPG" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-family:arial;">In applications where a microcontroller is available, the<br />MAX1640/MAX1641 can be used as a low-cost battery<br />charger (Figure 5). The controller takes over fast<br />charge, pulse-trickle charge, charge termination, and<br />other smart functions. By monitoring the output voltage<br />at VOUT, the controller initiates fast charge (set D0 and<br />D1 high), terminates fast charge and initiates top-off<br />(set D0 high and D1 low), enters trickle charge (set D0<br />low and D1 high), or shuts off and terminates current<br />flow (set D0 and D1 low).<br /><a href="http://datasheets.maxim-ic.com/en/ds/MAX1640-MAX1641.pdf"><span style="color:#33cc00;">more pdf</span></a><br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /><strong><span style="color:#3333ff;">MAX846A Li+ charger with charge timer and LED-status </span></strong></span></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;color:#3333ff;"><strong>outputs, controlled by an 8-pin Microcontroller</strong></span></div><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYtH_9HnIwl5B97psxJGIcGCpXIT5nnzJvFp0Un06UfEU6OSQD3AdyMYwm2dkNshGDJdP2-tRCGgFp1SpDYb7Zav2h9PM3pmi-wS-bQsJibUIFrtZ_bXianIq_5bdMA5JauNWX/s1600-h/Design+Battery+Charger+Circuit+02.JPG"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5321374513493715394" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 200px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 108px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYtH_9HnIwl5B97psxJGIcGCpXIT5nnzJvFp0Un06UfEU6OSQD3AdyMYwm2dkNshGDJdP2-tRCGgFp1SpDYb7Zav2h9PM3pmi-wS-bQsJibUIFrtZ_bXianIq_5bdMA5JauNWX/s200/Design+Battery+Charger+Circuit+02.JPG" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /></span><div><span style="font-family:arial;">In this example, a small external µP enhances the MAX846A,<br />forming a complete desktop-charger system that includes<br />user-interface functions such as the LEDs in Figure (to indicate<br />the charge process and status). The MAX846A is designed for<br />this type of operation. Its auxiliary linear regulator and µP-reset<br />circuit (to support the external µC) reduces the cost of a typical<br />desktop-charger application.</span></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;"><a href="http://www.maxim-ic.com/appnotes.cfm/an_pk/680"><span style="color:#33cc00;">more</span></a><br /></div></span><span style="font-family:arial;"></span></div><div><a href="http://www.basicelectronic.blogspot.com/"><strong><span style="font-size:130%;"></span></strong></a> </div><div></div>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-22867500184018520672009-04-05T17:46:00.001-07:002009-04-19T04:42:35.819-07:00Switch-Mode Battery Charger Circuit<span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><strong><span style="color:#3333ff;">Fast, High Effi ciency, Standalone NiMH/NiCd Battery<br />Charging Circuit</span></strong></span><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz-faoJH2KjVdOcYkiTL0wguXtrxLYAxgCx8yCoDTMr5MtsuzLk-VfUJtKBuGyC78tjdotEhifN-isHBjMow_iql0JM1c_5806p43BxWJZF0FrLzNMQrGHosjOUOJlpqwCK6Wz/s1600-h/Design+Battery+Charger+Circuit+03.JPG"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5321373655084880194" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 200px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 109px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz-faoJH2KjVdOcYkiTL0wguXtrxLYAxgCx8yCoDTMr5MtsuzLk-VfUJtKBuGyC78tjdotEhifN-isHBjMow_iql0JM1c_5806p43BxWJZF0FrLzNMQrGHosjOUOJlpqwCK6Wz/s200/Design+Battery+Charger+Circuit+03.JPG" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-family:arial;">Figure 1 shows a fast, 2A charger featuring the<br />high effi ciency LTC4011 550kHz synchronous buck<br />converter. The LTC4011 simplifi es charger design by<br />integrating all of the features needed to charge Ni-based<br />batteries, including constant current control circuitry,<br />charge termination, automatic trickle and top off<br />charge, automatic recharge, programmable timer,<br />PowerPath control and multiple status outputs. Such a<br />high level of integration lowers the component count,<br />enabling a complete charger to occupy less than 4cm2<br />of board area. </span></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;"><a href="http://www.linear.com/pc/downloadDocument.do?navId=H0,C1,C1003,C1037,C1078,D11197"><span style="color:#33cc00;">more</span><br /></a></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /><strong><span style="color:#3333ff;">Battery Charger Delivers 2.5A With >96% Efficiency<br /></span></strong>Battery chargers are usually designed without regard for<br />efficiency, but the heat generated by low-efficiency<br />chargers can present a problem. For those applications,<br />the charger of Figure 1 delivers 2.5A with efficiency as<br />high as 96%. It can charge a battery of one to six cells<br />while operating from a car battery.</span></div><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3-BK9OnT69KuRLHzXKaI0GNjqS8QUORda5eD3OZVIKwxzHREjt-p1mrmKSP1bPIbSoOqS_iLe1YtMsK3B2uWIsa-bVgoUoHOdw6Tq_wcQS4ZdA2p-U0pCrbM_Ekt-0hrP6aYU/s1600-h/Design+Battery+Charger+Circuit+04.JPG"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5321373551988287810" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 200px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 156px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3-BK9OnT69KuRLHzXKaI0GNjqS8QUORda5eD3OZVIKwxzHREjt-p1mrmKSP1bPIbSoOqS_iLe1YtMsK3B2uWIsa-bVgoUoHOdw6Tq_wcQS4ZdA2p-U0pCrbM_Ekt-0hrP6aYU/s200/Design+Battery+Charger+Circuit+04.JPG" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /></span><div><span style="font-family:arial;">Figure 1. Modified feedback paths transform this switch-mode<br />power-supply circuit for notebook computers into a<br />high-efficiency battery charger.<br /><a href="http://pdfserv.maxim-ic.com/en/an/AN851.pdf"><span style="color:#33cc00;">more pdf</span></a><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;"></span></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:130%;"><a href="http://www.basicelectronic.blogspot.com/"><strong></strong></a></span> </div><div><span style="font-family:arial;"></div></span></div>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-13922556524810817282009-03-31T18:58:00.000-07:002009-04-19T04:44:26.252-07:00Switch Protection Design - Fast-Recovery Diodes<span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><strong><span style="color:#00cccc;">Abstract</span></strong><br />The number of fast recovery applications in high power systems<br />continues to grow leading to various dynamic constraints and<br />hence different diode designs and behaviours. Along with<br />conventional RC (“SCR-type”) and C (“GTO-type”) snubber<br />conditions, snubberless conditions in both IGBT and IGCT<br />applications are gaining ground at ever higher currents and<br />voltages (presently 6 kV). Within these two groups, the further<br />distinctions of “inductive” and “resistive” commutation di/dt must<br />be made for an optimal diode design. Diodes capable of high<br />reverse di/dt and dv/dt can today be realised thanks to controlled<br />life-time profiling which will be described here with both measured<br />and simulated results. As will also be explained, such “robust”<br />designs, though essential for snubberless operation, may be “less<br />robust” under snubbered conditions so that a clear understanding<br />of the application (Snubber, Free-Wheel, Clamp, Resistive or<br />Inductive di/dt) is required for the correct choice or design of a fast<br />recovery diode. The different diode commutation conditions will<br />be described and categorised and the optimal diode design<br />identified with supporting measurements and simulations.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:Arial;"></span><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB1QZHVRrRQ6jMcDSi_M2EvteL5ALBQS4S9jyvRSvmVSXOS0D7xPfPo1uTAwGfnBV2ea73yT110cCcb-0I805OVwC8XqBwsX2437WEfj-9XIdQ72AKDWbBkWQE_Sy7iyv4-9uG/s1600-h/Switch+Protection+Design+-+Fast-Recovery+Diodes+01.JPG"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5317681334544458242" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 172px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB1QZHVRrRQ6jMcDSi_M2EvteL5ALBQS4S9jyvRSvmVSXOS0D7xPfPo1uTAwGfnBV2ea73yT110cCcb-0I805OVwC8XqBwsX2437WEfj-9XIdQ72AKDWbBkWQE_Sy7iyv4-9uG/s320/Switch+Protection+Design+-+Fast-Recovery+Diodes+01.JPG" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span><br /><div><span style="font-family:arial;">Fig 2 “Inductive” commutation circuit fitted<br />with snubber and clamp<br /><br />Traditionally the diode under consideration (in this case a<br />Free-Wheel Diode (FWD)) is fitted with a snubber and may also<br />be fitted with a clamp as shown in Fig. 2. Thus for the inductive<br />commutation circuit, we can define the additional sub-conditions<br />consisting of permutations of the snubbered/unsnubbered &<br />clamped/unclamped conditions whereby the snubber controls<br />the Duet’s dv/dt whereas the clamp controls its peak voltage.<br /><br /><a href="http://library.abb.com/global/scot/scot256.nsf/veritydisplay/1720b3a72cecb58bc1256b99005bff54/$File/To98ng.pdf"><span style="color:#33cc00;">More pdf</span> </a><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;"></span></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:130%;"><a href="http://www.basicelectronic.blogspot.com/"><strong></strong></a></span> </div><div><span style="font-family:arial;"></div></span>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30146365.post-74099471923927902382009-03-29T18:55:00.000-07:002009-04-19T04:45:05.394-07:00Mosfet Snubber Circuit in Flyback Converter Circuit<span style="font-family:arial;color:#3333ff;"><strong>Mosfet Protection in flyback Circuit</strong></span><br /><strong><span style="font-family:Arial;color:#3333ff;"></span></strong><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiruTxGM7B4KKya_OJL4WUVrTp3mbFr7birDAEW3Ve8BlNd9fVpUk8TS64NqNpXZt8W7o1bTm9AYEo7ZsofuDBZQR0ERnUAPnl4h-6TBwdZIEfr6l6hF5coSxQhLslfeJ569ISS/s1600-h/Mosfet+Protection+in+flyback+Circuit+01.JPG"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5317680612307279410" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 145px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiruTxGM7B4KKya_OJL4WUVrTp3mbFr7birDAEW3Ve8BlNd9fVpUk8TS64NqNpXZt8W7o1bTm9AYEo7ZsofuDBZQR0ERnUAPnl4h-6TBwdZIEfr6l6hF5coSxQhLslfeJ569ISS/s320/Mosfet+Protection+in+flyback+Circuit+01.JPG" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-family:arial;"><strong><span style="color:#00cccc;">PKC-136</span></strong> </span></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;"><br />PEAK CLAMP<br /><br />CHARACTERISTICS<br />VBR 160Vdc<br />VDRM 700Vdc<br />P 1.5W<br /><br />Feature<br />- Protection of the Mosfet in flyback power supply<br />- TRANSIL™ and blocking diode in a single<br />package<br /><br />BENEFITS<br /><br />- Accurate voltage clamping regardless load<br />- Reduced current loop<br />- Reduced EMI emission<br />- High integration<br />- Fast assembly<br />- Reduced losses in stand by mode<br /><br /><a href="http://www.st.com/stonline/products/literature/ds/7998.pdf"><span style="color:#33cc00;">PKC-136 datasheet pdf<br /></span></a></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /><strong><span style="color:#3333ff;">Mosfet Snubber Circuit in Flyback Converter</span></strong></span></div><br /><div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggBWS2cYO3DY5bY8ilMbiG6sy29ldxpscOHlzdlTXw9CwY51jHn6a9iE5y-1jJRnlD3z9zxxei7os2feS5lna7b7cgtoAHJ0BF_QA50Z_fF8yTAU254gP4sAE4Mf-eRZIO1MES/s1600-h/Mosfet+Snubber+Flyback+Converter+Circuit+01.JPG"><span style="font-family:arial;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5317680496034751314" style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 313px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 236px; TEXT-ALIGN: center" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggBWS2cYO3DY5bY8ilMbiG6sy29ldxpscOHlzdlTXw9CwY51jHn6a9iE5y-1jJRnlD3z9zxxei7os2feS5lna7b7cgtoAHJ0BF_QA50Z_fF8yTAU254gP4sAE4Mf-eRZIO1MES/s400/Mosfet+Snubber+Flyback+Converter+Circuit+01.JPG" border="0" /></span></a><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-family:arial;">Fig. 1 Typical flyback convertor with drain clamping circuits<br /><br /><strong><span style="color:#00cccc;">ZenBlock<br /></span></strong>Zener with integrated blocking diode<br />Philips Semiconductors' new ZenBlockTM replaces<br />double-diode-, RCD- or RC-snubbers in flyback convertors.<br />The new components offer circuit designers the important<br />benefits of lower component count and board usage, reduced<br />EMI, optimal clamping at all loads and higher efficiency.<br /><br />Introducing<br /><br />The new ZenBlock combines the double diode snubber in one<br />package. This leads to the following advantages:<br />-Fewer components.<br />-Reduced circuit board space<br />-Lower EMI by reducing the drain clamp circuit length and<br />area.<br />-Optimal clamp performance at all loads (compared with RCD<br />and RC snubber)<br />-Higher efficiency at low loads (compared with RCD and RC<br />snubber)<br /><br /><a href="http://www.nxp.com/acrobat_download/literature/9397/75006903.pdf"><span style="color:#33cc00;">ZenBlock datasheet pdf</span> </a><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;"></span></div><div><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:130%;"><a href="http://www.basicelectronic.blogspot.com/"><strong></strong></a></span> </div><div><span style="font-family:arial;"></div></span></div>kophttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03199950917117732729noreply@blogger.com